A Decoupled Approach for Modeling N-k Interdiction with Induced Failures in Electric Power Grids

The electric power grid is a critical infrastructure system subject to different types of failures which can have devastating impacts on society. One framework to study the resilience of the grid is the N-k interdiction model, which introduces an attacker and defender model to identify grid vulnerabilities. However, traditional N-k interdiction models characterize the power grid with steady-state assumptions. One key aspect missing from this analysis is the behavior of the grid as it evolves from the pre-failure grid state and post-failure grid state. During such a transition period, automated protection systems, transient instabilities, and other phenomena can trigger cascading failures that can occur before grid operators can respond. To bridge this gap, this paper first introduces the generalized induced failure N-k (N-k.k’) problem, where an initial set of k failures induces an additional set of k’ failures. In this context, we propose a disjoint optimization approach that decouples the computation of cascading failures from the interdiction model. This system response model, furthermore, is treated as a black box module without compromising the underlying performance guarantees of the interdiction model. Extensive experiments on several benchmark power grid case studies showcase the efficacy and scalability of the approach.